Unable to access certain website from work

If you want to poke it with a stick:

The first question is, are you using and Xfinity gateway?  If you are, their advanced security option is a problem and buggy.  Turn it off with the phone app.  If it's a 3rd party gateway, there will be different firewall options, but it depends on Exactly what you have and what your network topology consists of.

Windows runs two sets of rules.  One is for a "private network" -- trusted, network discovery on, the other is for a "public network" -- discovery off.  There's some integration with Defender that goes on there, and if you need dynamic ports to hit the database, that can get wrapped around the axle.  Another problem you may be hitting is integration with an anti-virus program and a "web shield".  For a brief test, turn them both off and connect to your application.  If it magically works, you've got a work IT problem, not an Xfinity problem.  Alternatively, for another test, forget your WiFi connection, reconnect, but this time select "public network" (do you want this PC to be discoverable by other PC's....) say No.  See if it works then.

And there's this:  https://help.tableau.com/current/server/en-gb/ports.htm  OK, so your work exposed port 80 and 443 directly to the internet, not requiring a VPN connection, not isolating the connected client and managing routes, running a server on an exposed windows box, and that's the front end to a database with salesforce integration (eyeroll).  Sounds harsh, but fire those guys.  Hopefully, I don't have any client information on their gear.

@user_b0d99e 

Perhaps performing traceroutes to the domain(s) may reveal something ?